The help above is spot on!
If you cannot pass a SMART long test, it is time to replace the drive, and a short test is barely a small portion of the long test. Don’t wait on any other values, they do not matter. A failure of a Short or Long test is solid proof the drive is failing.
I suspect you have a Seagate drive but it would have been a little helpful if you provided the entire output of smarctl -x /dev/xxx next time. This time the solution is an easy one, replace the drive before it completely fails.
I always recommend a daily SMART short test and a weekly SMART long test, with some exceptions such as if you have a high drive count (50 or 200 for example) then you may want to perform a monthly long test and spread the drives out across that month. The point is to run a long test periodically. You may have significantly more errors than you know.