Slightly different scenario, probably same solution:
I have a Beelink S13, also N150. I tried everything with Proxmox Kernel 6.8, it simply did not work, i915 drivers did not attach to the vga adapter. Upgraded to kernel 6.11 and everything worked. I read on the net that 6.9 is the lowest working version, but 6.11 definitely works.
# lspci -nnk | grep -A3 -E "VGA|Display"
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Alder Lake-N [Intel Graphics] [8086:46d4]
DeviceName: Onboard - Video
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Alder Lake-N [Intel Graphics] [8086:7270]
Kernel driver in use: i915
If the last line is missing, your kernel is too old.