I was actually getting mpt2sas errors similar to this post: Electric Eel and pool VDEV expansion and reported dataset disk space
I’m not sure why this just showed up with the 24.10 release, but I was able to boot into the old version and run midclt call system.advanced.update '{ "kernel_extra_options": "pci=realloc=off" }'.
After this I was able to upgrade to 24.10 just fine and haven’t had any futher issues with my HBA.
Someone also suggested turning on SR-IOV in my BIOS, which might be specific to supermicro boards, but I haven’t bothered to check mine since it seems to be fine now.