I have found several issues with the latest version of Docker, 26.0.2. Many containers stopped working with networking errors, after upgrading to it.
I have managed to get them working by downgrading Docker to 26.0.1, with the following shell command:
apt-get install docker-ce=5:26.0.1-1~debian.12~bookworm docker-ce-cli=5:26.0.1-1~debian.12~bookworm containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
YMMV, but for now this has allowed me to start my containers again.