One thing stands out, the SATA controller card is, going by ASMEDIA’s description, a SATA Port multiplier. Use of those cards is discouraged due to a long history of issues.
Maybe that’s why, with a newer driver/kernel in Dragonfish, you suddenly see issues. It could be down to the code for that hardware simply not being as well tested.
Also, when you write “SDD” do you mean Solid-state Drive (SSD) or something else?