Despite what others have said here - using a USB to SATA adapter for a boot pool is OK as long as its one USB port to one drive and not some form of USB drive concentrator
I think the devil here will be in the detail - specifically which adapter are you using.
Assuming you have 2 seperate adapters plugged into 2 different USB ports then all I can suggest is try a different make of USB adapter for the second drive in the boot-pool as I can see the situation where cheap adapters by the same manufacturer MAY report the same serial number. In any case - its a cheap test
“The other” here does not disagree about boot devices, but OP is really trying to USB adapters for his storage pool (2x BX500 4 TB) from a mni PC. That’s just unsuitable hardware.
I assume that the mini PC does have a M.2 slot for a boot device…
If it has a second M.2 slot and/or a SATA slot for one internal 2.5" drive, the OP might follow @Arwen in setting up a minimal NAS from a mini PC (M.2 + SATA mirror; boot from USB-adapted drive)—but @Arwen herself does not recommend this setting.
And there’s no way to make use of the two BX500 drives without two proper SATA ports. Full stop.
Others have summarized the challenges quite well already around using USB devices for storage pools. Even if you do replace one (or both) of the questionable USB-to-SATA adapters, those challenges won’t go away.
But you could quite easily pick up the same HP ProDesk system in the slightly larger SFF (Small-Form-Factor) size, and more than likely sell off the Micro-sized until to fund it. Then you’ll have plenty of internal SATA ports to use.
Thank you for your kindness and your replies! What a great community you’ve got here <3. I managed to run the second SSD with another USB-Adapter of another company. I am on a tight budget and cheap hardware ist defenitly not the best option. In addation also thank you for your thoughts in regards to the external usage of storage. I will try to find a internal solution at some stage as well. Wish you guys a great day and thank you again!