Both 24.04 and 24.10, using Rufus with default settings, booting from the USB results in the GRUB screen below. Installing Core to the same drive is successful.
Something I noticed that another post implied could be an issue, but don’t know how to control; The SCALE installs list partition 1 as part of the entry in the UEFI boot selection menu. When Core is on the usb, it shows partition 2.